Fino agli anni Novanta dello scorso secolo la gestione finanziaria degli enti locali poteva definirsi di tipo passivo, in quanto la certezza e la stabilità delle entrate pubbliche locali, costituite prevalentemente da trasferimenti erariali, lasciavano poco spazio all’analisi del fabbisogno finanziario e delle fonti di copertura. Le riforme degli anni novanta (culminate nella modifica del titolo V della Costituzione) hanno modificato l’assetto economico-finanziario degli enti locali affermando il principio dell’autonomia finanziaria per tutti i livelli di governo per garantire la copertura delle funzioni pubbliche loro attribuite, a seguito dell’attuazione dei principi di sussidiarietà. Il sistema di finanza pubblica si sta pertanto evolvendo verso un modello decentrato caratterizzato dalla progressiva riduzione dei trasferimenti statali, dal superamento del criterio della spesa storica a favore del criterio della spesa attesa per i livelli essenziali di assistenza e di prestazioni, e dal peso sempre maggiore che avranno le risorse proprie e la capacità di trovare fonti di finanziamento diversificate. La disciplina meno garantista e il modello di finanza autonoma impongono pertanto agli enti locali di sviluppare una maggiore “sensibilità al rischio”, e di individuare una metodologia appropriata di financial risk assessment.
Until the nineties of last century, the financial management of local authorities could be called passive type, since the certainty and the stability of local government revenue, consisting mainly transfers from revenue, leaving little room for analysis of financial needs and sources of coverage. The reforms of the nineties (which culminated in the amendment of Title V of the Constitution) have changed the economic and financial structure of local affirming the principle of financial for all levels of government to ensure coverage of public functions devolved upon them, following the implementation of the principles of subsidiary. The system of public finance is therefore moving towards a decentralized model characterized by the progressive reduction of transfers state, more than the criterion of historical expenditure for the expenditure criterion waiting for essential levels of assistance and benefits, and weight increased resources that will and their ability to find diverse sources of funding. Discipline less guaranteed and the model of self-finance necessary therefore to local to develop a greater “risk sensitivity”, and to identify an appropriate methodology of financial risk assessment.The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the main types of risk which must be taken into account in formulating a model of financial risk assessment of local authorities.
Until the nineties of last century, the financial management of local authorities could be called passive type, since the certainty and the stability of local government revenue, consisting mainly transfers from revenue, leaving little room for analysis of financial needs and sources of coverage. The reforms of the nineties (which culminated in the amendment of Title V of the Constitution) have changed the economic and financial structure of local affirming the principle of financial for all levels of government to ensure coverage of public functions devolved upon them, following the implementation of the principles of subsidiary. The system of public finance is therefore moving towards a decentralized model characterized by the progressive reduction of transfers state, more than the criterion of historical expenditure for the expenditure criterion waiting for essential levels of assistance and benefits, and weight increased resources that will and their ability to find diverse sources of funding. Discipline less guaranteed and the model of self-finance necessary therefore to local to develop a greater “risk sensitivity”, and to identify an appropriate methodology of financial risk assessment.The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the main types of risk which must be taken into account in formulating a model of financial risk assessment of local authorities.
